詞義判斷題猜詞的方法
1. 說(shuō)明線索
Jane is very obliging. She always reaches her hands out to those in need of help.
第二句是對(duì)前一句的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。她對(duì)需要幫助的人總是伸出援手，Ann一定是很“樂(lè)于助人的”。
Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.
由后半句的解釋我們很快猜出生詞capacitance詞義——電容量。
2. 同義詞線索
And when joggers jog, they don’t run the streets.
從句子的后半部分可以看出，they指的是joggers，可見(jiàn)jog也是一種“跑步”的方式。
One night Mrs Rochester succeeded in setting the house on fire. Mr Rochester managed to lead the servants to safety and then went back into the burning mansion to rescue his wife.
第二個(gè)句子中的mansion是生詞。從前后兩個(gè)句子來(lái)看，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)mansion指的就是第一句中的house。
3. 用途線索
We like our new house because it has a few elms in the back yard that will give us shade and keep the house cooler.
通過(guò)elms的作用，能有陰涼使房屋涼爽些，我們可以猜測(cè)出elms是一種樹(shù)。
Fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim.
運(yùn)用生活常識(shí)就能較為確切地判斷出fins的詞義是“鰭”。
4. 因果關(guān)系線索
She can’t play tennis now because she can’t find her white sneakers.
由于找不到這個(gè)“白色的sneakers”，所以無(wú)法打網(wǎng)球�？梢�(jiàn)sneakers是一種和打網(wǎng)球有關(guān)的東西。而從white和sneakers這個(gè)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式看，你也許已經(jīng)猜出它們意思是“球鞋”了。
The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.
從后面的結(jié)果“永遠(yuǎn)不能再運(yùn)動(dòng)”中，可以推測(cè)出 permanent的意思是“永久的”。
5、上下文線索
British cuisine has some of age in recent years as chefs combine the best of old and new.
如果我們無(wú)法判斷cuisine的意思，而后面提到chefs，與廚師相關(guān)的當(dāng)然是烹飪了，故可猜測(cè)cuisine“烹飪方式”的意思。
She read my letter slowly to the end and then tore it to shreds.??
這個(gè)句子中的shreds是生詞。但我們從整句來(lái)理解，“她慢慢地把我的信看完，然后把它撕成……”，從“撕成……”，我們可以猜出shreds是“碎片”的意思。
6、對(duì)比線索
She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but表示意思的轉(zhuǎn)折，因此可以看出but前后的意思是相反的。后半句說(shuō)，她今天在第一節(jié)課上了一半時(shí)才來(lái)。反推回去，她平時(shí)應(yīng)該是一向“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”的了。
The pain on the cottage had peeled in a few places, otherwise they looked well kept.
句中peel可從otherwise后面的對(duì)比猜出是“脫落”之意。
7、順序線索
After Ms Ellis put the letters in the envelope, she sealed it and put a stamp on it.
在發(fā)信時(shí)，先把信裝入信封，封上口，然后貼上郵票，是合理的順序，通過(guò)前后動(dòng)作，不難看出seal是“封口”的意思。
接下來(lái)我們?cè)僮鰝�(gè)練習(xí)，請(qǐng)看下面的文段：
After we had travelled for about twenty miles, there was still no sign of the town which was marked on the map. We were beginning to get worried. Then, without warning, the car stopped. A quick examination showed that we had run out of petrol. Although we had little food with us, only a few biscuits and some chocolate, we decided to spend the night in the car.
這一段中，假設(shè)petrol和biscuit兩個(gè)詞是生詞，但我們可以從句子的前后文中推斷出這兩個(gè)詞的'意思。如文中提到汽車在沒(méi)有任何出毛病的先兆時(shí)就突然停了，文中又有run our of——“用完”這個(gè)詞組，因此可以推斷出一定是汽油用完了，從而petrol的意思即可推測(cè)出。下邊的biscuit是生詞，但這一句的前半句提到了we had little food with us, biscuit和chocolate都是進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明是什么樣的food，由此可見(jiàn)，這兩樣?xùn)|西是“食品”。這時(shí)我們已經(jīng)明白了大致的意思，不查詞典，也不妨礙我們理解文章的意思。因此，就可以繼續(xù)讀下去，有時(shí)讀到后面，又會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)前面出現(xiàn)的生詞的意思在后面有了解釋。
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